Product Description
3500 Lbs 89 Inch Long Drop Axle for Light Duty Trailers
1. who are we?
We are based in ZheJiang , China, start from 2571,sell to North America(10.00%),South America(10.00%),Southeast
Asia(10.00%),Africa(10.00%),Mid East(10.00%),Eastern Asia(10.00%),Central America(10.00%),Northern Europe(10.00%),South
Asia(10.00%),Domestic Market(10.00%). There are total about 11-50 people in our office.
2. how can we guarantee quality?
Always a pre-production sample before mass production;
Always final Inspection before shipment;
3.what can you buy from us?
semi trailer axles, air suspensions , chamber,wheel ,slack adjuster and other related items.
4. why should you buy from us not from other suppliers?
We have a trailer parts production more than 10 years the supply chain
5. what services can we provide?
Accepted Delivery Terms: FOB,CIF,EXW;
Accepted Payment Currency:USD,EUR,JPY,CAD,AUD,HKD,GBP,CNY,CHF;
Accepted Payment Type: T/T;
Language Spoken:English,Chinese
6.what is the certificate
At present, the company can undertake CCS, ABS, BV, GL and other certification products
7.Product parameters and prices for reference only, the actual situation of the product please consult or call! /* January 22, 2571 19:08:37 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1
| After-sales Service: | Online Customer Service |
|---|---|
| Condition: | New |
| Axle Number: | 2 |
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
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Shipping Cost:
Estimated freight per unit. |
about shipping cost and estimated delivery time. |
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| Payment Method: |
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|---|---|
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Initial Payment Full Payment |
| Currency: | US$ |
|---|
| Return&refunds: | You can apply for a refund up to 30 days after receipt of the products. |
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Where can I find information on axle load limits for various types of vehicles?
When seeking information on axle load limits for different types of vehicles, there are several reliable sources where you can find the necessary information. Here’s a detailed explanation of where you can find information on axle load limits:
1. Vehicle Owner’s Manual:
The first and most accessible source of information on axle load limits is the vehicle owner’s manual. The owner’s manual provided by the vehicle manufacturer typically includes important details about the vehicle’s specifications, including axle load limits. Look for sections related to vehicle loading, weight distribution, or axle specifications to find the recommended load limits for each axle of your specific vehicle model.
2. Government Transportation Authorities:
Government transportation authorities, such as departments of transportation or road transport authorities, often provide guidelines and regulations regarding vehicle weight limits, including axle load limits. These authorities establish and enforce weight restrictions to ensure road safety and prevent damage to infrastructure. Visit the website of your local or national transportation authority to access relevant regulations or guidelines pertaining to axle load limits for various types of vehicles.
3. Commercial Vehicle Regulations:
If you are specifically interested in axle load limits for commercial vehicles, such as trucks or buses, consult the commercial vehicle regulations applicable in your region. These regulations are established to ensure safe and efficient operation of commercial vehicles on public roads. Regulatory bodies responsible for commercial vehicle operations often provide detailed information on axle load limits, weight distribution requirements, and other related specifications.
4. Vehicle Manufacturer or Dealer:
If you require axle load limit information for a specific vehicle model or variant, contacting the vehicle manufacturer or a local authorized dealer can be helpful. They can provide accurate and up-to-date information specific to your vehicle. Provide them with the vehicle identification number (VIN) or other relevant details to ensure they can assist you accurately.
5. Online Resources and Databases:
There are online resources and databases dedicated to providing information on vehicle specifications, including axle load limits. These resources may include vehicle data websites, forums, or government databases that compile and provide access to vehicle specifications and regulatory information. Conduct an internet search using relevant keywords to find reliable online sources that offer information on axle load limits for various types of vehicles.
When seeking information on axle load limits, it’s crucial to ensure that the information you obtain is accurate, up-to-date, and applicable to your specific vehicle and jurisdiction. Regulations and load limits can vary depending on the country, region, vehicle type, and other factors. Therefore, it is advisable to consult official sources or seek professional advice to ensure compliance with applicable regulations and ensure safe and legal operation of your vehicle.
How do axle ratios impact the performance and fuel efficiency of a vehicle?
The axle ratio of a vehicle plays a crucial role in determining its performance characteristics and fuel efficiency. Here’s a detailed explanation of how axle ratios impact these aspects:
Performance:
The axle ratio refers to the ratio of the number of rotations the driveshaft makes to the number of rotations the axle makes. A lower axle ratio, such as 3.23:1, means the driveshaft rotates 3.23 times for every rotation of the axle, while a higher ratio, like 4.10:1, indicates more driveshaft rotations per axle rotation.
A lower axle ratio, also known as a numerically higher ratio, provides better low-end torque and acceleration. This is because the engine’s power is multiplied as it goes through the gears, resulting in quicker acceleration from a standstill or at lower speeds. Vehicles with lower axle ratios are commonly found in trucks and performance-oriented vehicles where quick acceleration and towing capacity are desired.
On the other hand, a higher axle ratio, or numerically lower ratio, sacrifices some of the low-end torque for higher top-end speed and fuel efficiency. Vehicles with higher axle ratios are typically used in highway driving scenarios where maintaining higher speeds and maximizing fuel efficiency are prioritized.
Fuel Efficiency:
The axle ratio directly affects the engine’s RPM (revolutions per minute) at a given vehicle speed. A lower axle ratio keeps the engine running at higher RPMs, which may result in increased fuel consumption. However, this ratio can provide better towing capabilities and improved off-the-line acceleration.
In contrast, a higher axle ratio allows the engine to operate at lower RPMs during cruising speeds. This can lead to improved fuel efficiency because the engine doesn’t have to work as hard to maintain the desired speed. It’s worth noting that other factors, such as engine efficiency, aerodynamics, and vehicle weight, also influence fuel efficiency.
Manufacturers carefully select the axle ratio based on the vehicle’s intended purpose and desired performance characteristics. Some vehicles may offer multiple axle ratio options to cater to different driving preferences and requirements.
It’s important to consider that changing the axle ratio can have implications on the overall drivetrain system. Modifying the axle ratio can affect the vehicle’s speedometer accuracy, transmission shifting points, and may require recalibration of the engine control unit (ECU) to maintain optimal performance.
As always, for precise information on a specific vehicle’s axle ratio and its impact on performance and fuel efficiency, it is best to consult the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications or consult with automotive experts.
Can you explain the importance of axle alignment for vehicle stability and handling?
Axle alignment plays a crucial role in ensuring vehicle stability and handling characteristics. Proper alignment of the axles is essential for maintaining optimal tire contact with the road surface, minimizing tire wear, maximizing traction, and promoting safe and predictable handling. Here are the key reasons why axle alignment is important:
- Tire Wear and Longevity:
- Optimal Traction:
- Steering Response and Stability:
- Reduced Rolling Resistance:
- Vehicle Safety:
Correct axle alignment helps distribute the vehicle’s weight evenly across all four tires. When the axles are properly aligned, the tires wear evenly, reducing the risk of premature tire wear and extending their lifespan. Misaligned axles can cause uneven tire wear patterns, such as excessive wear on the inner or outer edges of the tires, leading to the need for premature tire replacement.
Proper axle alignment ensures that the tires maintain optimal contact with the road surface. When the axles are aligned correctly, the tires can evenly distribute the driving forces, maximizing traction and grip. This is particularly important during acceleration, braking, and cornering, as proper alignment helps prevent tire slippage and improves overall vehicle stability.
Axle alignment directly affects steering response and stability. When the axles are properly aligned, the vehicle responds predictably to driver inputs, providing precise and accurate steering control. Misaligned axles can lead to steering inconsistencies, such as pulling to one side or requiring constant correction, compromising vehicle stability and handling.
Proper axle alignment helps reduce rolling resistance, which is the force required to move the vehicle forward. When the axles are aligned correctly, the tires roll smoothly and effortlessly, minimizing energy loss due to friction. This can contribute to improved fuel efficiency and reduced operating costs.
Correct axle alignment is crucial for ensuring vehicle safety. Misaligned axles can affect the vehicle’s stability, especially during emergency maneuvers or sudden lane changes. Proper alignment helps maintain the intended handling characteristics of the vehicle, reducing the risk of loss of control and improving overall safety.
To achieve proper axle alignment, several key parameters are considered, including camber, toe, and caster angles. Camber refers to the vertical tilt of the wheel when viewed from the front, toe refers to the angle of the wheels in relation to each other when viewed from above, and caster refers to the angle of the steering axis in relation to vertical when viewed from the side. These alignment angles are adjusted to meet the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications and ensure optimal performance.
It’s important to note that factors such as road conditions, driving habits, and vehicle modifications can affect axle alignment over time. Regular maintenance and periodic alignment checks are recommended to ensure that the axles remain properly aligned, promoting vehicle stability, handling, and safety.
editor by CX 2024-05-10
China Hot selling Forklift Part Hub, Rear Axle for Hangchaxf250, Xf250-220016-000 a wheel and axle simple machine
Product Description
Company Profile
Handavos International Trading Co.,Ltd focus on forklift spare parts for over 10 years. The factory covers about 30,000 square meters,there are 150 employees.The company is located in HangZhou.The logistics and transportation is very convenient. It is 100 kilometers from ZheJiang Port.
We are one of the Domestic specialized import forklift parts in the wholesalers and retailers. Main products are Engine parts,Hydraulic Parts,Transmission Parts,Electrical Parts,Filter parts,Drive System,Cooling system and Attachments.Our company has more than millions of parts inventory and in HangZhou, ZheJiang , ZheJiang ,HangZhou,Chendu with offices.
Welcome to company to visit and negotiate.
Specfication
Teamwork
Our team is a contingent of younger,better educated,quality efficient and vibrant.There are 50 people in the team.We have first-class products,superior service and high competitive prices and adequate inventory and timely delivery have won the trust of customers.
Where you are ,Handavos provides high quality forklift parts at competitive price with excellent service.
Packaging & Delivery
Packaging Details
Strong wooden case in standard export pallets.
6-piece per set package.
Port: ZheJiang ,HangZhou…
Lead Time:
/* January 22, 2571 19:08:37 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1
| After-sales Service: | Online Support |
|---|---|
| Warranty: | Unavailable |
| Material: | Stainless Steel |
| Surface Treatment: | Baking Paint |
| Customized: | Non-Customized |
| Standard: | Standard |
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
Where can I find information on axle load limits for various types of vehicles?
When seeking information on axle load limits for different types of vehicles, there are several reliable sources where you can find the necessary information. Here’s a detailed explanation of where you can find information on axle load limits:
1. Vehicle Owner’s Manual:
The first and most accessible source of information on axle load limits is the vehicle owner’s manual. The owner’s manual provided by the vehicle manufacturer typically includes important details about the vehicle’s specifications, including axle load limits. Look for sections related to vehicle loading, weight distribution, or axle specifications to find the recommended load limits for each axle of your specific vehicle model.
2. Government Transportation Authorities:
Government transportation authorities, such as departments of transportation or road transport authorities, often provide guidelines and regulations regarding vehicle weight limits, including axle load limits. These authorities establish and enforce weight restrictions to ensure road safety and prevent damage to infrastructure. Visit the website of your local or national transportation authority to access relevant regulations or guidelines pertaining to axle load limits for various types of vehicles.
3. Commercial Vehicle Regulations:
If you are specifically interested in axle load limits for commercial vehicles, such as trucks or buses, consult the commercial vehicle regulations applicable in your region. These regulations are established to ensure safe and efficient operation of commercial vehicles on public roads. Regulatory bodies responsible for commercial vehicle operations often provide detailed information on axle load limits, weight distribution requirements, and other related specifications.
4. Vehicle Manufacturer or Dealer:
If you require axle load limit information for a specific vehicle model or variant, contacting the vehicle manufacturer or a local authorized dealer can be helpful. They can provide accurate and up-to-date information specific to your vehicle. Provide them with the vehicle identification number (VIN) or other relevant details to ensure they can assist you accurately.
5. Online Resources and Databases:
There are online resources and databases dedicated to providing information on vehicle specifications, including axle load limits. These resources may include vehicle data websites, forums, or government databases that compile and provide access to vehicle specifications and regulatory information. Conduct an internet search using relevant keywords to find reliable online sources that offer information on axle load limits for various types of vehicles.
When seeking information on axle load limits, it’s crucial to ensure that the information you obtain is accurate, up-to-date, and applicable to your specific vehicle and jurisdiction. Regulations and load limits can vary depending on the country, region, vehicle type, and other factors. Therefore, it is advisable to consult official sources or seek professional advice to ensure compliance with applicable regulations and ensure safe and legal operation of your vehicle.
What is the difference between front and rear axles in a typical vehicle?
In a typical vehicle, there are distinct differences between the front and rear axles due to their respective roles and functions. Here are the key differences:
- Position:
- Steering:
- Driving:
- Suspension:
- Load Distribution:
- Driving Characteristics:
The main difference between the front and rear axles is their position in the vehicle. The front axle is located in the front of the vehicle, while the rear axle is positioned at the rear. This positioning is determined by the vehicle’s drivetrain configuration.
The front axle is responsible for steering the vehicle. It is connected to the steering system, allowing the driver to control the direction of the vehicle. The front axle typically includes components such as steering knuckles, tie rods, and steering linkages.
The rear axle is primarily responsible for driving the vehicle’s wheels. It receives power from the engine through the transmission or differential and transfers that power to the rear wheels. The rear axle may include components such as axle shafts, differential gears, and wheel hubs.
Both the front and rear axles play a role in the vehicle’s suspension system, but their configurations and functions differ. The front axle typically incorporates suspension components such as control arms, struts, or independent suspension systems to provide better handling, stability, and ride comfort. The rear axle may have a solid axle setup or independent suspension depending on the vehicle’s design.
The load distribution on the front and rear axles varies. In a typical vehicle, the front axle carries the weight of the engine, transmission, and a portion of the vehicle’s weight due to the front-end weight bias. The rear axle bears the weight of the vehicle’s occupants, cargo, and a portion of the vehicle’s weight. This distribution helps maintain proper balance and stability during acceleration, braking, and cornering.
The differences between the front and rear axles can influence the vehicle’s driving characteristics. The front axle’s role in steering affects the vehicle’s maneuverability and responsiveness. The rear axle’s responsibility for driving the wheels affects traction, acceleration, and stability, particularly in rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive vehicles.
It’s important to note that the specific configurations and characteristics of front and rear axles can vary depending on the vehicle’s make, model, and drivetrain system. Different types of vehicles, such as front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, or all-wheel drive, may have variations in axle design and functionality.
Understanding the differences between the front and rear axles is essential for proper maintenance, repairs, and modifications of the vehicle’s drivetrain and suspension systems. If you have specific questions about your vehicle’s axles, it’s recommended to consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual or seek advice from qualified mechanics or automotive professionals.
What are the signs of a worn or failing axle, and how can I troubleshoot axle issues?
Identifying the signs of a worn or failing axle is important for maintaining the safety and functionality of your vehicle. Here are some common signs to look out for and troubleshooting steps you can take to diagnose potential axle issues:
- Unusual Noises:
- Vibrations:
- Uneven Tire Wear:
- Difficulty Steering:
- Visible Damage or Leaks:
- Professional Inspection:
If you hear clunking, clicking, or grinding noises coming from the area around the wheels, it could indicate a problem with the axle. These noises may occur during acceleration, deceleration, or when turning. Troubleshoot by listening carefully to the location and timing of the noises to help pinpoint the affected axle.
A worn or failing axle can cause vibrations that can be felt through the steering wheel, floorboard, or seat. These vibrations may occur at certain speeds or during specific driving conditions. If you experience unusual vibrations, it’s important to investigate the cause, as it could be related to axle problems.
Inspect your tires for uneven wear patterns. Excessive wear on the inner or outer edges of the tires can be an indication of axle issues. Misaligned or damaged axles can cause the tires to tilt, leading to uneven tire wear. Regularly check your tires for signs of wear and take note of any abnormalities.
A worn or damaged axle can affect steering performance. If you experience difficulty in steering, such as stiffness, looseness, or a feeling of the vehicle pulling to one side, it may be due to axle problems. Pay attention to any changes in steering responsiveness and address them promptly.
Inspect the axles visually for any signs of damage or leaks. Look for cracks, bends, or visible fluid leaks around the axle boots or seals. Damaged or leaking axles can lead to lubrication loss and accelerated wear. If you notice any visible issues, it’s important to have them inspected and repaired by a qualified mechanic.
If you suspect axle issues but are unsure about the exact cause, it’s advisable to seek a professional inspection. A qualified mechanic can perform a thorough examination of the axles, suspension components, and related systems. They have the expertise and tools to diagnose axle problems accurately and recommend the appropriate repairs.
It’s important to note that troubleshooting axle issues can sometimes be challenging, as symptoms may overlap with other mechanical problems. If you’re uncertain about diagnosing or repairing axle issues on your own, it’s recommended to consult a professional mechanic. They can provide a proper diagnosis, ensure the correct repairs are performed, and help maintain the safety and performance of your vehicle.
editor by CX 2024-04-19
China factory High Quality China Factory Made German Type Rear Axle for Sale a wheel and axle simple machine
Product Description
18Ton 1850MM German Type Square Beam Rear Semi Trailer Axles for Sale
Product Parameters
|
Axle Type
|
Max Capacity (T) |
L2 Track (mm) |
Brake ( mm )
|
Bearing |
Spring Seat Installation
|
Axle
|
L4Centre Distanceof Brake Chamber ( mm)
|
|
JS12FA1347D |
12 |
1840 |
φ420x 180 |
33118 33213 |
≥980 |
150 |
423 |
|
JS13FA1348D |
13 |
1840 |
φ 420x 200 |
33118 33213
|
≥900 |
150 |
360 |
|
JS14FA1348D |
14 |
1840 |
φ 420x 200 |
32219 33215 |
≥900 |
150 |
356 |
|
JS16FA1348D |
16 |
1850 |
φ 420x 200 |
322222 32314 |
≥900 |
150 |
360 |
|
JS18FA1348D |
18 |
1850 |
Φ420x 200 |
322222 32314 |
≥900 |
150 |
380 |
|
Wheel Fixing
|
Total Length ( mm )
|
Recommended Wheel
|
Weigth(Kg)
|
||
|
Stud
|
PCD(mm) |
H(mm) |
|||
|
10-M22x 1.5ISO |
335 |
280.8 |
~ 2144 |
7.5v-20 |
360 |
|
10-M22x 1.5ISO |
335 |
280.8 |
~ 2144 |
7.5v-20 |
382 |
|
10-M22x 1.5ISO |
335 |
280.8 |
~ 2198 |
8.0v-20 |
406 |
|
10-M22x 1.5ISO |
335 |
280.8 |
~ 2265 |
8.5v-20 |
440 |
|
10-M22x 1.5ISO |
335 |
280.8 |
~ 2265 |
8.5v-20 |
443 |
Detailed Photos
Application
Company Profile
ZheJiang CZPT Axle Manufacturing Co., Ltd., founded in 2000, is a professional manufacturer of trailer axle assemblies, semi-trailer suspension systems and correlative fittings in China. We are located in Quanpu Industry Zone which is the largest production base of trailers in China, in Xihu (West Lake) Dis., the famous scenic spot. We are 1 of specialized enterprises in the scientific research, design, production and sale, with more than 300 skilled employees and professional designers for different areas. We adopt the domestic and international technical standards in production, accurately grasp the information of the market demand and make quick and optimal designs. In this way, our axle, suspension and other fittings have the world-class technical quality through reasonable and advanced manufacture technologies. Our advanced processing technology, first-class production line and precision CNC machining equipment from home and abroad ensure the good quality of our semi-trailer axle assemblies, suspension systems and other correlative fittings. At the same time, our annual capacity for the export of American and German semi-trailer axle assemblies has achieved 60, 000 pieces and of suspension assemblies has achieved 50, 000 sets. We obtained the ISO9001: 2000 International Quality Management System Certification in 2003 and TS16949 Certification in 2007. “First-class product quality, the meticulous and thoughtful service, and CZPT cooperation” is the philosophy that we always cherish. We not only meet the domestic market demand, but also export our products to Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Latin America and other countries, enjoying a good reputation. We always regard quality as life, and client as God. We will create a brilliant tomorrow with your sincere cooperation and support.
Certifications
Packaging & Shipping
FAQ
1. What’s your advantage?
— We are manufacturer, we own professinal technology & quality control team; excellent team for foreign trade plus a rich expertise in trading.
2.Where your export to?
— Our export to America, Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Poland, Hungary, Russia, and other European, Asia and Africa countries.
3. Can you send me samples for testing?
— Certainly! We’d like to provide the samples free of charge, but for the freight, pls kindly bear it.
4.Can you supply OEM ?
— Sure, we always supply customized seveices according to customers’ drawing or samples.
5. How long do you finish a new product?
— Usually 20~35days once all information confirmed.
Remark:
Our payment terms
— 30% by T/T in advance, 70% by T/T before shipment
/* March 10, 2571 17:59:20 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1
| After-sales Service: | 24 Hours Online |
|---|---|
| Condition: | New |
| Axle Number: | 1 |
| Application: | Trailer |
| Certification: | CE, ISO |
| Material: | Iron |
| Samples: |
US$ 520/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | |
|---|
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
Where can I buy axle seals for preventing fluid leaks in my vehicle’s axles?
When it comes to purchasing axle seals to prevent fluid leaks in your vehicle’s axles, there are several options available. Here are some places where you can buy axle seals:
1. Automotive Parts Stores:
Visit local automotive parts stores such as AutoZone, Advance Auto Parts, O’Reilly Auto Parts, or NAPA Auto Parts. These stores typically have a wide range of automotive seals, including axle seals, in stock. You can either visit the physical store or check their online catalogs to find the specific axle seal you need for your vehicle.
2. Dealerships:
If you prefer to purchase genuine OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) axle seals, consider visiting a dealership authorized by your vehicle’s manufacturer. Dealerships often carry original parts that are specifically designed for your vehicle make and model. Contact your local dealership’s parts department to inquire about the availability of axle seals for your vehicle.
3. Online Retailers:
Online retailers like Amazon, eBay, and RockAuto offer a wide range of automotive parts, including axle seals. These platforms provide the convenience of browsing and purchasing axle seals from the comfort of your home. Make sure to check the product details, specifications, and customer reviews before making a purchase.
4. Local Mechanics and Repair Shops:
Local mechanics and repair shops often have access to a variety of automotive seals, including axle seals. They can source and install the appropriate seals for your vehicle during maintenance or repair services. Reach out to trusted local mechanics or repair shops in your area and inquire about their availability and pricing for axle seals.
5. Manufacturer’s Online Stores:
Some vehicle manufacturers have their own online stores where you can purchase genuine OEM parts, including axle seals. Visit the official website of your vehicle’s manufacturer and look for their online parts store. You can search for the specific axle seal needed for your vehicle using your vehicle identification number (VIN) or the model details.
6. Salvage Yards:
If you are looking for cost-effective options or rare axle seals, salvage yards can be an option. Salvage yards specialize in selling used parts salvaged from vehicles. However, when purchasing from salvage yards, it’s important to carefully inspect the condition and compatibility of the axle seals to ensure they are suitable for your vehicle.
When purchasing axle seals, make sure to provide accurate information about your vehicle’s make, model, and year to ensure you get the correct seals that fit your vehicle’s axle specifications. Additionally, consider factors such as the quality of the seals, warranty options, and return policies when making your purchase decision.
Remember, if you are unsure about the specific axle seals required for your vehicle or need assistance with installation, it is recommended to consult with a qualified mechanic or technician who can guide you in selecting the right seals and ensure proper installation to prevent fluid leaks in your vehicle’s axles.
Can you recommend axle manufacturers known for durability and reliability?
When it comes to choosing axle manufacturers known for durability and reliability, there are several reputable companies in the automotive industry. While individual experiences and preferences may vary, the following axle manufacturers have a track record of producing high-quality products:
1. Dana Holding Corporation: Dana is a well-known manufacturer of axles, drivetrain components, and sealing solutions. They supply axles to various automotive manufacturers and have a reputation for producing durable and reliable products. Dana axles are commonly found in trucks, SUVs, and off-road vehicles.
2. AAM (American Axle & Manufacturing): AAM is a leading manufacturer of driveline and drivetrain components, including axles. They supply axles to both OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) and the aftermarket. AAM axles are known for their durability and are often found in trucks, SUVs, and performance vehicles.
3. GKN Automotive: GKN Automotive is a global supplier of driveline systems, including axles. They have a strong reputation for producing high-quality and reliable axles for a wide range of vehicles. GKN Automotive supplies axles to various automakers and is recognized for their technological advancements in the field.
4. Meritor: Meritor is a manufacturer of axles, brakes, and other drivetrain components for commercial vehicles. They are known for their robust and reliable axle products that cater to heavy-duty applications in the commercial trucking industry.
5. Spicer (Dana Spicer): Spicer, a division of Dana Holding Corporation, specializes in manufacturing drivetrain components, including axles. Spicer axles are widely used in off-road vehicles, trucks, and SUVs. They are known for their durability and ability to withstand demanding off-road conditions.
6. Timken: Timken is a trusted manufacturer of bearings, seals, and other mechanical power transmission products. While they are primarily known for their bearings, they also produce high-quality axle components used in various applications, including automotive axles.
It’s important to note that the availability of specific axle manufacturers may vary depending on the region and the specific vehicle make and model. Additionally, different vehicles may come equipped with axles from different manufacturers as per the OEM’s selection and sourcing decisions.
When considering axle replacements or upgrades, it is advisable to consult with automotive experts, including mechanics or dealerships familiar with your vehicle, to ensure compatibility and make informed decisions based on your specific needs and requirements.
What are the factors to consider when choosing an axle for a custom-built vehicle?
Choosing the right axle for a custom-built vehicle is crucial for ensuring optimal performance, durability, and safety. Here are several key factors to consider when selecting an axle for a custom-built vehicle:
- Vehicle Type and Intended Use:
- Axle Type:
- Weight Capacity:
- Axle Ratio:
- Braking System Compatibility:
- Suspension Compatibility:
- Aftermarket Support:
- Budget:
Consider the type of vehicle you are building and its intended use. Factors such as vehicle weight, power output, terrain (on-road or off-road), towing capacity, and payload requirements will influence the axle selection. Off-road vehicles may require axles with higher strength and durability, while performance-oriented vehicles may benefit from axles that can handle increased power and torque.
Choose the appropriate axle type based on your vehicle’s drivetrain configuration. Common axle types include solid axles (live axles) and independent axles. Solid axles are often used in heavy-duty applications and off-road vehicles due to their robustness and ability to handle high loads. Independent axles offer improved ride quality and handling characteristics but may have lower load-carrying capacities.
Determine the required weight capacity of the axle based on the vehicle’s weight and intended payload. It’s crucial to select an axle that can handle the anticipated loads without exceeding its weight rating. Consider factors such as cargo, passengers, and accessories that may contribute to the overall weight.
Choose an axle ratio that matches your vehicle’s powertrain and desired performance characteristics. The axle ratio affects the torque multiplication between the engine and wheels, influencing acceleration, towing capability, and fuel efficiency. Higher axle ratios provide more torque multiplication for improved low-end power but may sacrifice top-end speed.
Ensure that the chosen axle is compatible with your vehicle’s braking system. Consider factors such as the axle’s mounting provisions for brake calipers, rotor size compatibility, and the need for an anti-lock braking system (ABS) if required.
Consider the compatibility of the chosen axle with your vehicle’s suspension system. Factors such as axle mounting points, suspension geometry, and overall ride height should be taken into account. Ensure that the axle can be properly integrated with your chosen suspension components and that it provides sufficient ground clearance for your specific application.
Consider the availability of aftermarket support for the chosen axle. This includes access to replacement parts, upgrade options, and technical expertise. A robust aftermarket support network can be beneficial for future maintenance, repairs, and customization needs.
Set a realistic budget for the axle selection, keeping in mind that high-performance or specialized axles may come at a higher cost. Balance your requirements with your budget to find the best axle option that meets your needs without exceeding your financial limitations.
When choosing an axle for a custom-built vehicle, it’s recommended to consult with knowledgeable professionals, experienced builders, or reputable axle manufacturers. They can provide valuable guidance, assist in understanding technical specifications, and help you select the most suitable axle for your specific custom vehicle project.
editor by CX 2024-02-17
China Good quality China Factory Directly Flange Type Ball Spline Shaft for CNC Machine with Hot selling
Product Description
Product description
The spline is a kind of linear motion system. When spline motions along the precision ground Shaft by balls, the torque is transferred. The spline has compact structure. It can transfer the Over load and motive power. It has longer lifetime. At present the factory manufacture 2 kinds of spline, namely convex spline and concave spline. Usually the convex spline can take bigger radial load and torque than concave spline.
| Product name | Ball spline |
| Model | GJZ,GJZA,GJF,GJH,GJZG,GJFG, |
| Dia | 15mm-150mm |
| Material | Bearing Steel |
| Precision Class | Normal/ High/ Precise |
| Package | Plastic bag, box, carton |
| MOQ | 1pc |
Specifications
Ball type:φ16-φ250
High speed , high accuracy
Heavy load , long life
Flexible movement,low energy consumption
High movement speed
Heavy load and long service life
Applicationgs:semiconductor equipment,tire machinery,monocrystalline silicon furnace,medical rehabilitation equipment
Company profile
HangZhou YIGONG has a full performance laboratory of rolling functional components, high-speed ball screw pair 60m/min running noise 70dB, high-speed rolling linear CZPT pair 60m/min running noise 68dB, for precision horizontal machining center batch matching ball screw pair, rolling CZPT pair, to achieve each axis fast moving speed 40m/min, positioning accuracy 0.002mm, repeated positioning accuracy 0.001mm. Our equipments import from Japan and Germany and so on.
FAQ
Why choose AZI China?
With more than 60 years of production experience, quality assurance,factory directly price.
How can I get a sample to check the quality?
We quote according to your drawing, the price is suitable, sign the sample list.
What is your main products ?
Our Main products are consist of ball screw,linear guide,arc linear guide,ball spline and ball screw linear CZPT rail module.
Analytical Approaches to Estimating Contact Pressures in Spline Couplings
A spline coupling is a type of mechanical connection between 2 rotating shafts. It consists of 2 parts – a coupler and a coupling. Both parts have teeth which engage and transfer loads. However, spline couplings are typically over-dimensioned, which makes them susceptible to fatigue and static behavior. Wear phenomena can also cause the coupling to fail. For this reason, proper spline coupling design is essential for achieving optimum performance.
Modeling a spline coupling
Spline couplings are becoming increasingly popular in the aerospace industry, but they operate in a slightly misaligned state, causing both vibrations and damage to the contact surfaces. To solve this problem, this article offers analytical approaches for estimating the contact pressures in a spline coupling. Specifically, this article compares analytical approaches with pure numerical approaches to demonstrate the benefits of an analytical approach.
To model a spline coupling, first you create the knowledge base for the spline coupling. The knowledge base includes a large number of possible specification values, which are related to each other. If you modify 1 specification, it may lead to a warning for violating another. To make the design valid, you must create a spline coupling model that meets the specified specification values.
After you have modeled the geometry, you must enter the contact pressures of the 2 spline couplings. Then, you need to determine the position of the pitch circle of the spline. In Figure 2, the centre of the male coupling is superposed to that of the female spline. Then, you need to make sure that the alignment meshing distance of the 2 splines is the same.
Once you have the data you need to create a spline coupling model, you can begin by entering the specifications for the interface design. Once you have this data, you need to choose whether to optimize the internal spline or the external spline. You’ll also need to specify the tooth friction coefficient, which is used to determine the stresses in the spline coupling model 20. You should also enter the pilot clearance, which is the clearance between the tip 186 of a tooth 32 on 1 spline and the feature on the mating spline.
After you have entered the desired specifications for the external spline, you can enter the parameters for the internal spline. For example, you can enter the outer diameter limit 154 of the major snap 54 and the minor snap 56 of the internal spline. The values of these parameters are displayed in color-coded boxes on the Spline Inputs and Configuration GUI screen 80. Once the parameters are entered, you’ll be presented with a geometric representation of the spline coupling model 20.
Creating a spline coupling model 20
The spline coupling model 20 is created by a product model software program 10. The software validates the spline coupling model against a knowledge base of configuration-dependent specification constraints and relationships. This report is then input to the ANSYS stress analyzer program. It lists the spline coupling model 20’s geometric configurations and specification values for each feature. The spline coupling model 20 is automatically recreated every time the configuration or performance specifications of the spline coupling model 20 are modified.
The spline coupling model 20 can be configured using the product model software program 10. A user specifies the axial length of the spline stack, which may be zero, or a fixed length. The user also enters a radial mating face 148, if any, and selects a pilot clearance specification value of 14.5 degrees or 30 degrees.
A user can then use the mouse 110 to modify the spline coupling model 20. The spline coupling knowledge base contains a large number of possible specification values and the spline coupling design rule. If the user tries to change a spline coupling model, the model will show a warning about a violation of another specification. In some cases, the modification may invalidate the design.
In the spline coupling model 20, the user enters additional performance requirement specifications. The user chooses the locations where maximum torque is transferred for the internal and external splines 38 and 40. The maximum torque transfer location is determined by the attachment configuration of the hardware to the shafts. Once this is selected, the user can click “Next” to save the model. A preview of the spline coupling model 20 is displayed.
The model 20 is a representation of a spline coupling. The spline specifications are entered in the order and arrangement as specified on the spline coupling model 20 GUI screen. Once the spline coupling specifications are entered, the product model software program 10 will incorporate them into the spline coupling model 20. This is the last step in spline coupling model creation.
Analysing a spline coupling model 20
An analysis of a spline coupling model consists of inputting its configuration and performance specifications. These specifications may be generated from another computer program. The product model software program 10 then uses its internal knowledge base of configuration dependent specification relationships and constraints to create a valid three-dimensional parametric model 20. This model contains information describing the number and types of spline teeth 32, snaps 34, and shoulder 36.
When you are analysing a spline coupling, the software program 10 will include default values for various specifications. The spline coupling model 20 comprises an internal spline 38 and an external spline 40. Each of the splines includes its own set of parameters, such as its depth, width, length, and radii. The external spline 40 will also contain its own set of parameters, such as its orientation.
Upon selecting these parameters, the software program will perform various analyses on the spline coupling model 20. The software program 10 calculates the nominal and maximal tooth bearing stresses and fatigue life of a spline coupling. It will also determine the difference in torsional windup between an internal and an external spline. The output file from the analysis will be a report file containing model configuration and specification data. The output file may also be used by other computer programs for further analysis.
Once these parameters are set, the user enters the design criteria for the spline coupling model 20. In this step, the user specifies the locations of maximum torque transfer for both the external and internal spline 38. The maximum torque transfer location depends on the configuration of the hardware attached to the shafts. The user may enter up to 4 different performance requirement specifications for each spline.
The results of the analysis show that there are 2 phases of spline coupling. The first phase shows a large increase in stress and vibration. The second phase shows a decline in both stress and vibration levels. The third stage shows a constant meshing force between 300N and 320N. This behavior continues for a longer period of time, until the final stage engages with the surface.
Misalignment of a spline coupling
A study aimed to investigate the position of the resultant contact force in a spline coupling engaging teeth under a steady torque and rotating misalignment. The study used numerical methods based on Finite Element Method (FEM) models. It produced numerical results for nominal conditions and parallel offset misalignment. The study considered 2 levels of misalignment – 0.02 mm and 0.08 mm – with different loading levels.
The results showed that the misalignment between the splines and rotors causes a change in the meshing force of the spline-rotor coupling system. Its dynamics is governed by the meshing force of splines. The meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling is related to the rotor-spline coupling system parameters, the transmitting torque, and the dynamic vibration displacement.
Despite the lack of precise measurements, the misalignment of splines is a common problem. This problem is compounded by the fact that splines usually feature backlash. This backlash is the result of the misaligned spline. The authors analyzed several splines, varying pitch diameters, and length/diameter ratios.
A spline coupling is a two-dimensional mechanical system, which has positive backlash. The spline coupling is comprised of a hub and shaft, and has tip-to-root clearances that are larger than the backlash. A form-clearance is sufficient to prevent tip-to-root fillet contact. The torque on the splines is transmitted via friction.
When a spline coupling is misaligned, a torque-biased thrust force is generated. In such a situation, the force can exceed the torque, causing the component to lose its alignment. The two-way transmission of torque and thrust is modeled analytically in the present study. The analytical approach provides solutions that can be integrated into the design process. So, the next time you are faced with a misaligned spline coupling problem, make sure to use an analytical approach!
In this study, the spline coupling is analyzed under nominal conditions without a parallel offset misalignment. The stiffness values obtained are the percentage difference between the nominal pitch diameter and load application diameter. Moreover, the maximum percentage difference in the measured pitch diameter is 1.60% under a torque of 5000 N*m. The other parameter, the pitch angle, is taken into consideration in the calculation.
China supplier China Made Custom Ball Screw Spline 100mm for CNC Machine with Good quality
Product Description
Product Description
The spline is a kind of linear motion system. When spline motions along the precision ground Shaft by balls, the torque is transferred. The spline has compact structure. It can transfer the Over load and motive power. It has longer lifetime. At present the factory manufacture 2 kinds of spline, namely convex spline and concave spline. Usually the convex spline can take bigger radial load and torque than concave spline.
| Product name | Ball spline |
| Model | GJZ,GJZA,GJF,GJH,GJZG,GJFG, |
| Dia | 15mm-150mm |
| Material | Bearing Steel |
| Precision Class | Normal/ High/ Precise |
| Package | Plastic bag, box, carton |
| MOQ | 1pc |
Ball type:φ16-φ250
High speed , high accuracy
Heavy load , long life
Flexible movement,low energy consumption
High movement speed
Heavy load and long service life
Applicationgs:semiconductor equipment,tire machinery,monocrystalline silicon furnace,medical rehabilitation equipment
Product Parameters
Structure
Scope of application
Semiconductor equipment,tire machinery,monocrystalline silicon furnace,medical rehabilitation equipment.
FFZ size
| Code and type | Nominal axial dia. d0 |
External dia. D |
Length of spline nut L1 |
Max. length of shaft L |
Standard rated torque | Basic rated load | ||
| Dynamic torsion N-m |
Stationary torsion N-m |
Dynamic load C kN |
Static load C0 kN |
|||||
| GJZG16 / GJFG16 | 16 | 31 | 50 | 500 | 32 | 30 | 7.5 | 15.6 |
| GJZG20 / GJFG20 | 20 | 35 | 63 | 600 | 55 | 55 | 10.1 | 24.7 |
| GJZG25 / GJFG25 | 25 | 42 | 71 | 800 | 103 | 105 | 13.7 | 30.1 |
| GJZG30 / GJFG30 | 30 | 48 | 80 | 1400 | 148 | 171 | 17.1 | 37.1 |
| GJZG40 / GJFG40 | 40 | 64 | 100 | 1500 | 375 | 415 | 32.1 | 70.2 |
| GJZG50 / GJFG50 | 50 | 80 | 125 | 1500 | 760 | 840 | 49.4 | 104.9 |
| GJZG60 / GJFG60 | 60 | 90 | 140 | 1500 | 1040 | 1220 | 64.2 | 128.2 |
| GJZG80 / GJFG80 | 80 | 120 | 160 | 1700 | 1920 | 2310 | 87.3 | 170.7 |
| GJZG100/ GJFG100 | 100 | 150 | 190 | 1900 | 3571 | 3730 | 109.9 | 222 |
| GJZG120 / GJFG120 | 120 | 180 | 220 | 1900 | 4100 | 5200 | 176.5 | 347 |
If you have any needs,pls feel free to contact us and we will send you our catalog for reference.
Main Products
Company Profile
Customer Feedback
FAQ
1. Why choose AZI China?
With more than 60 years of production experience, quality assurance,factory directly price.
2. What is your main products ?
Our Main products are consist of ball screw,linear guide,arc linear guide,ball spline and ball screw linear CZPT rail module.
3. How to Custom-made (OEM/ODM)?
If you have a product drawing or a sample, please send to us, and we can custom-made the as your required. We will also provide our professional advices of the products to make the design to be more realized & maximize the performance.
4. When can I get the quotation?
We usually quote within 24 hours after we get your inquiry. If you are very urgent to get the price,please call us or tell us in your email so that we will regard your inquiry priority.
5. How can I get a sample to check the quality?
We quote according to your drawing, the price is suitable, sign the sample list.
6. What‘s your payment terms?
Our payment terms is 30% deposit,balance against receiving copy of B/L or L/C sight.
Analytical Approaches to Estimating Contact Pressures in Spline Couplings
A spline coupling is a type of mechanical connection between 2 rotating shafts. It consists of 2 parts – a coupler and a coupling. Both parts have teeth which engage and transfer loads. However, spline couplings are typically over-dimensioned, which makes them susceptible to fatigue and static behavior. Wear phenomena can also cause the coupling to fail. For this reason, proper spline coupling design is essential for achieving optimum performance.
Modeling a spline coupling
Spline couplings are becoming increasingly popular in the aerospace industry, but they operate in a slightly misaligned state, causing both vibrations and damage to the contact surfaces. To solve this problem, this article offers analytical approaches for estimating the contact pressures in a spline coupling. Specifically, this article compares analytical approaches with pure numerical approaches to demonstrate the benefits of an analytical approach.
To model a spline coupling, first you create the knowledge base for the spline coupling. The knowledge base includes a large number of possible specification values, which are related to each other. If you modify 1 specification, it may lead to a warning for violating another. To make the design valid, you must create a spline coupling model that meets the specified specification values.
After you have modeled the geometry, you must enter the contact pressures of the 2 spline couplings. Then, you need to determine the position of the pitch circle of the spline. In Figure 2, the centre of the male coupling is superposed to that of the female spline. Then, you need to make sure that the alignment meshing distance of the 2 splines is the same.
Once you have the data you need to create a spline coupling model, you can begin by entering the specifications for the interface design. Once you have this data, you need to choose whether to optimize the internal spline or the external spline. You’ll also need to specify the tooth friction coefficient, which is used to determine the stresses in the spline coupling model 20. You should also enter the pilot clearance, which is the clearance between the tip 186 of a tooth 32 on 1 spline and the feature on the mating spline.
After you have entered the desired specifications for the external spline, you can enter the parameters for the internal spline. For example, you can enter the outer diameter limit 154 of the major snap 54 and the minor snap 56 of the internal spline. The values of these parameters are displayed in color-coded boxes on the Spline Inputs and Configuration GUI screen 80. Once the parameters are entered, you’ll be presented with a geometric representation of the spline coupling model 20.
Creating a spline coupling model 20
The spline coupling model 20 is created by a product model software program 10. The software validates the spline coupling model against a knowledge base of configuration-dependent specification constraints and relationships. This report is then input to the ANSYS stress analyzer program. It lists the spline coupling model 20’s geometric configurations and specification values for each feature. The spline coupling model 20 is automatically recreated every time the configuration or performance specifications of the spline coupling model 20 are modified.
The spline coupling model 20 can be configured using the product model software program 10. A user specifies the axial length of the spline stack, which may be zero, or a fixed length. The user also enters a radial mating face 148, if any, and selects a pilot clearance specification value of 14.5 degrees or 30 degrees.
A user can then use the mouse 110 to modify the spline coupling model 20. The spline coupling knowledge base contains a large number of possible specification values and the spline coupling design rule. If the user tries to change a spline coupling model, the model will show a warning about a violation of another specification. In some cases, the modification may invalidate the design.
In the spline coupling model 20, the user enters additional performance requirement specifications. The user chooses the locations where maximum torque is transferred for the internal and external splines 38 and 40. The maximum torque transfer location is determined by the attachment configuration of the hardware to the shafts. Once this is selected, the user can click “Next” to save the model. A preview of the spline coupling model 20 is displayed.
The model 20 is a representation of a spline coupling. The spline specifications are entered in the order and arrangement as specified on the spline coupling model 20 GUI screen. Once the spline coupling specifications are entered, the product model software program 10 will incorporate them into the spline coupling model 20. This is the last step in spline coupling model creation.
Analysing a spline coupling model 20
An analysis of a spline coupling model consists of inputting its configuration and performance specifications. These specifications may be generated from another computer program. The product model software program 10 then uses its internal knowledge base of configuration dependent specification relationships and constraints to create a valid three-dimensional parametric model 20. This model contains information describing the number and types of spline teeth 32, snaps 34, and shoulder 36.
When you are analysing a spline coupling, the software program 10 will include default values for various specifications. The spline coupling model 20 comprises an internal spline 38 and an external spline 40. Each of the splines includes its own set of parameters, such as its depth, width, length, and radii. The external spline 40 will also contain its own set of parameters, such as its orientation.
Upon selecting these parameters, the software program will perform various analyses on the spline coupling model 20. The software program 10 calculates the nominal and maximal tooth bearing stresses and fatigue life of a spline coupling. It will also determine the difference in torsional windup between an internal and an external spline. The output file from the analysis will be a report file containing model configuration and specification data. The output file may also be used by other computer programs for further analysis.
Once these parameters are set, the user enters the design criteria for the spline coupling model 20. In this step, the user specifies the locations of maximum torque transfer for both the external and internal spline 38. The maximum torque transfer location depends on the configuration of the hardware attached to the shafts. The user may enter up to 4 different performance requirement specifications for each spline.
The results of the analysis show that there are 2 phases of spline coupling. The first phase shows a large increase in stress and vibration. The second phase shows a decline in both stress and vibration levels. The third stage shows a constant meshing force between 300N and 320N. This behavior continues for a longer period of time, until the final stage engages with the surface.
Misalignment of a spline coupling
A study aimed to investigate the position of the resultant contact force in a spline coupling engaging teeth under a steady torque and rotating misalignment. The study used numerical methods based on Finite Element Method (FEM) models. It produced numerical results for nominal conditions and parallel offset misalignment. The study considered 2 levels of misalignment – 0.02 mm and 0.08 mm – with different loading levels.
The results showed that the misalignment between the splines and rotors causes a change in the meshing force of the spline-rotor coupling system. Its dynamics is governed by the meshing force of splines. The meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling is related to the rotor-spline coupling system parameters, the transmitting torque, and the dynamic vibration displacement.
Despite the lack of precise measurements, the misalignment of splines is a common problem. This problem is compounded by the fact that splines usually feature backlash. This backlash is the result of the misaligned spline. The authors analyzed several splines, varying pitch diameters, and length/diameter ratios.
A spline coupling is a two-dimensional mechanical system, which has positive backlash. The spline coupling is comprised of a hub and shaft, and has tip-to-root clearances that are larger than the backlash. A form-clearance is sufficient to prevent tip-to-root fillet contact. The torque on the splines is transmitted via friction.
When a spline coupling is misaligned, a torque-biased thrust force is generated. In such a situation, the force can exceed the torque, causing the component to lose its alignment. The two-way transmission of torque and thrust is modeled analytically in the present study. The analytical approach provides solutions that can be integrated into the design process. So, the next time you are faced with a misaligned spline coupling problem, make sure to use an analytical approach!
In this study, the spline coupling is analyzed under nominal conditions without a parallel offset misalignment. The stiffness values obtained are the percentage difference between the nominal pitch diameter and load application diameter. Moreover, the maximum percentage difference in the measured pitch diameter is 1.60% under a torque of 5000 N*m. The other parameter, the pitch angle, is taken into consideration in the calculation.
China best China Made Custom Stainless Steel Ball Screw Spline 50mm for CNC Machine with Free Design Custom
Product Description
Product description
The spline is a kind of linear motion system. When spline motions along the precision ground Shaft by balls, the torque is transferred. The spline has compact structure. It can transfer the Over load and motive power. It has longer lifetime. At present the factory manufacture 2 kinds of spline, namely convex spline and concave spline. Usually the convex spline can take bigger radial load and torque than concave spline.
| Product name | Ball spline |
| Model | GJZ,GJZA,GJF,GJH,GJZG,GJFG, |
| Dia | 15mm-150mm |
| Material | Bearing Steel |
| Precision Class | Normal/ High/ Precise |
| Package | Plastic bag, box, carton |
| MOQ | 1pc |
Specifications
Ball type:φ16-φ250
High speed , high accuracy
Heavy load , long life
Flexible movement,low energy consumption
High movement speed
Heavy load and long service life
Applicationgs:semiconductor equipment,tire machinery,monocrystalline silicon furnace,medical rehabilitation equipment
Company profile
HangZhou YIGONG has a full performance laboratory of rolling functional components, high-speed ball screw pair 60m/min running noise 70dB, high-speed rolling linear CZPT pair 60m/min running noise 68dB, for precision horizontal machining center batch matching ball screw pair, rolling CZPT pair, to achieve each axis fast moving speed 40m/min, positioning accuracy 0.002mm, repeated positioning accuracy 0.001mm. Our equipments import from Japan and Germany and so on.
FAQ
Why choose AZI China?
With more than 60 years of production experience, quality assurance,factory directly price.
How can I get a sample to check the quality?
We quote according to your drawing, the price is suitable, sign the sample list.
What is your main products ?
Our Main products are consist of ball screw,linear guide,arc linear guide,ball spline and ball screw linear CZPT rail module.
Stiffness and Torsional Vibration of Spline-Couplings
In this paper, we describe some basic characteristics of spline-coupling and examine its torsional vibration behavior. We also explore the effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling. These results will assist in the design of improved spline-coupling systems for various applications. The results are presented in Table 1.
Stiffness of spline-coupling
The stiffness of a spline-coupling is a function of the meshing force between the splines in a rotor-spline coupling system and the static vibration displacement. The meshing force depends on the coupling parameters such as the transmitting torque and the spline thickness. It increases nonlinearly with the spline thickness.
A simplified spline-coupling model can be used to evaluate the load distribution of splines under vibration and transient loads. The axle spline sleeve is displaced a z-direction and a resistance moment T is applied to the outer face of the sleeve. This simple model can satisfy a wide range of engineering requirements but may suffer from complex loading conditions. Its asymmetric clearance may affect its engagement behavior and stress distribution patterns.
The results of the simulations show that the maximum vibration acceleration in both Figures 10 and 22 was 3.03 g/s. This results indicate that a misalignment in the circumferential direction increases the instantaneous impact. Asymmetry in the coupling geometry is also found in the meshing. The right-side spline’s teeth mesh tightly while those on the left side are misaligned.
Considering the spline-coupling geometry, a semi-analytical model is used to compute stiffness. This model is a simplified form of a classical spline-coupling model, with submatrices defining the shape and stiffness of the joint. As the design clearance is a known value, the stiffness of a spline-coupling system can be analyzed using the same formula.
The results of the simulations also show that the spline-coupling system can be modeled using MASTA, a high-level commercial CAE tool for transmission analysis. In this case, the spline segments were modeled as a series of spline segments with variable stiffness, which was calculated based on the initial gap between spline teeth. Then, the spline segments were modelled as a series of splines of increasing stiffness, accounting for different manufacturing variations. The resulting analysis of the spline-coupling geometry is compared to those of the finite-element approach.
Despite the high stiffness of a spline-coupling system, the contact status of the contact surfaces often changes. In addition, spline coupling affects the lateral vibration and deformation of the rotor. However, stiffness nonlinearity is not well studied in splined rotors because of the lack of a fully analytical model.
Characteristics of spline-coupling
The study of spline-coupling involves a number of design factors. These include weight, materials, and performance requirements. Weight is particularly important in the aeronautics field. Weight is often an issue for design engineers because materials have varying dimensional stability, weight, and durability. Additionally, space constraints and other configuration restrictions may require the use of spline-couplings in certain applications.
The main parameters to consider for any spline-coupling design are the maximum principal stress, the maldistribution factor, and the maximum tooth-bearing stress. The magnitude of each of these parameters must be smaller than or equal to the external spline diameter, in order to provide stability. The outer diameter of the spline must be at least 4 inches larger than the inner diameter of the spline.
Once the physical design is validated, the spline coupling knowledge base is created. This model is pre-programmed and stores the design parameter signals, including performance and manufacturing constraints. It then compares the parameter values to the design rule signals, and constructs a geometric representation of the spline coupling. A visual model is created from the input signals, and can be manipulated by changing different parameters and specifications.
The stiffness of a spline joint is another important parameter for determining the spline-coupling stiffness. The stiffness distribution of the spline joint affects the rotor’s lateral vibration and deformation. A finite element method is a useful technique for obtaining lateral stiffness of spline joints. This method involves many mesh refinements and requires a high computational cost.
The diameter of the spline-coupling must be large enough to transmit the torque. A spline with a larger diameter may have greater torque-transmitting capacity because it has a smaller circumference. However, the larger diameter of a spline is thinner than the shaft, and the latter may be more suitable if the torque is spread over a greater number of teeth.
Spline-couplings are classified according to their tooth profile along the axial and radial directions. The radial and axial tooth profiles affect the component’s behavior and wear damage. Splines with a crowned tooth profile are prone to angular misalignment. Typically, these spline-couplings are oversized to ensure durability and safety.
Stiffness of spline-coupling in torsional vibration analysis
This article presents a general framework for the study of torsional vibration caused by the stiffness of spline-couplings in aero-engines. It is based on a previous study on spline-couplings. It is characterized by the following 3 factors: bending stiffness, total flexibility, and tangential stiffness. The first criterion is the equivalent diameter of external and internal splines. Both the spline-coupling stiffness and the displacement of splines are evaluated by using the derivative of the total flexibility.
The stiffness of a spline joint can vary based on the distribution of load along the spline. Variables affecting the stiffness of spline joints include the torque level, tooth indexing errors, and misalignment. To explore the effects of these variables, an analytical formula is developed. The method is applicable for various kinds of spline joints, such as splines with multiple components.
Despite the difficulty of calculating spline-coupling stiffness, it is possible to model the contact between the teeth of the shaft and the hub using an analytical approach. This approach helps in determining key magnitudes of coupling operation such as contact peak pressures, reaction moments, and angular momentum. This approach allows for accurate results for spline-couplings and is suitable for both torsional vibration and structural vibration analysis.
The stiffness of spline-coupling is commonly assumed to be rigid in dynamic models. However, various dynamic phenomena associated with spline joints must be captured in high-fidelity drivetrain models. To accomplish this, a general analytical stiffness formulation is proposed based on a semi-analytical spline load distribution model. The resulting stiffness matrix contains radial and tilting stiffness values as well as torsional stiffness. The analysis is further simplified with the blockwise inversion method.
It is essential to consider the torsional vibration of a power transmission system before selecting the coupling. An accurate analysis of torsional vibration is crucial for coupling safety. This article also discusses case studies of spline shaft wear and torsionally-induced failures. The discussion will conclude with the development of a robust and efficient method to simulate these problems in real-life scenarios.
Effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling
In this study, the effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline coupling is investigated. The stability boundary and mechanism of rotor instability are analyzed. We find that the meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling increases nonlinearly with spline thickness. The results demonstrate that the misalignment is responsible for the instability of the rotor-spline coupling system.
An intentional spline misalignment is introduced to achieve an interference fit and zero backlash condition. This leads to uneven load distribution among the spline teeth. A further spline misalignment of 50um can result in rotor-spline coupling failure. The maximum tensile root stress shifted to the left under this condition.
Positive spline misalignment increases the gear mesh misalignment. Conversely, negative spline misalignment has no effect. The right-handed spline misalignment is opposite to the helix hand. The high contact area is moved from the center to the left side. In both cases, gear mesh is misaligned due to deflection and tilting of the gear under load.
This variation of the tooth surface is measured as the change in clearance in the transverse plain. The radial and axial clearance values are the same, while the difference between the 2 is less. In addition to the frictional force, the axial clearance of the splines is the same, which increases the gear mesh misalignment. Hence, the same procedure can be used to determine the frictional force of a rotor-spline coupling.
Gear mesh misalignment influences spline-rotor coupling performance. This misalignment changes the distribution of the gear mesh and alters contact and bending stresses. Therefore, it is essential to understand the effects of misalignment in spline couplings. Using a simplified system of helical gear pair, Hong et al. examined the load distribution along the tooth interface of the spline. This misalignment caused the flank contact pattern to change. The misaligned teeth exhibited deflection under load and developed a tilting moment on the gear.
The effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline couplings is minimized by using a mechanism that reduces backlash. The mechanism comprises cooperably splined male and female members. One member is formed by 2 coaxially aligned splined segments with end surfaces shaped to engage in sliding relationship. The connecting device applies axial loads to these segments, causing them to rotate relative to 1 another.
China factory High Precision CNC Ball Spline Gjf50 for CNC Lathe Machine with Hot selling
Product Description
Product description
The spline is a kind of linear motion system. When spline motions along the precision ground Shaft by balls, the torque is transferred. The spline has compact structure. It can transfer the Over load and motive power. It has longer lifetime. At present the factory manufacture 2 kinds of spline, namely convex spline and concave spline. Usually the convex spline can take bigger radial load and torque than concave spline.
| Product name | Ball spline |
| Model | GJZ,GJZA,GJF,GJH,GJZG,GJFG, |
| Dia | 15mm-150mm |
| Material | Bearing Steel |
| Precision Class | Normal/ High/ Precise |
| Package | Plastic bag, box, carton |
| MOQ | 1pc |
Specifications
Ball type:φ16-φ250
High speed , high accuracy
Heavy load , long life
Flexible movement,low energy consumption
High movement speed
Heavy load and long service life
Applicationgs:semiconductor equipment,tire machinery,monocrystalline silicon furnace,medical rehabilitation equipment
Company profile
HangZhou YIGONG has a full performance laboratory of rolling functional components, high-speed ball screw pair 60m/min running noise 70dB, high-speed rolling linear CZPT pair 60m/min running noise 68dB, for precision horizontal machining center batch matching ball screw pair, rolling CZPT pair, to achieve each axis fast moving speed 40m/min, positioning accuracy 0.002mm, repeated positioning accuracy 0.001mm. Our equipments import from Japan and Germany and so on.
FAQ
Why choose AZI China?
With more than 60 years of production experience, quality assurance,factory directly price.
How can I get a sample to check the quality?
We quote according to your drawing, the price is suitable, sign the sample list.
What is your main products ?
Our Main products are consist of ball screw,linear guide,arc linear guide,ball spline and ball screw linear CZPT rail module.
How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings
There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
Involute splines
An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When 2 splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by 5 mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment.
Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to 50-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings.
To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process.
There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile.
The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows 4 concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these 3 components.
Stiffness of coupling
The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using 2 different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these 2 methods.
The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings.
The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated.
The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.
Misalignment
To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force.
In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned.
A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling.
The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters.
Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
Wear and fatigue failure
The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed.
During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions.
The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method.
The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser.
Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the 3 factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.
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Applications of Spline Couplings
A spline coupling is a highly effective means of connecting 2 or more components. These types of couplings are very efficient, as they combine linear motion with rotation, and their efficiency makes them a desirable choice in numerous applications. Read on to learn more about the main characteristics and applications of spline couplings. You will also be able to determine the predicted operation and wear. You can easily design your own couplings by following the steps outlined below.
Optimal design
The spline coupling plays an important role in transmitting torque. It consists of a hub and a shaft with splines that are in surface contact without relative motion. Because they are connected, their angular velocity is the same. The splines can be designed with any profile that minimizes friction. Because they are in contact with each other, the load is not evenly distributed, concentrating on a small area, which can deform the hub surface.
Optimal spline coupling design takes into account several factors, including weight, material characteristics, and performance requirements. In the aeronautics industry, weight is an important design factor. S.A.E. and ANSI tables do not account for weight when calculating the performance requirements of spline couplings. Another critical factor is space. Spline couplings may need to fit in tight spaces, or they may be subject to other configuration constraints.
Optimal design of spline couplers may be characterized by an odd number of teeth. However, this is not always the case. If the external spline’s outer diameter exceeds a certain threshold, the optimal spline coupling model may not be an optimal choice for this application. To optimize a spline coupling for a specific application, the user may need to consider the sizing method that is most appropriate for their application.
Once a design is generated, the next step is to test the resulting spline coupling. The system must check for any design constraints and validate that it can be produced using modern manufacturing techniques. The resulting spline coupling model is then exported to an optimisation tool for further analysis. The method enables a designer to easily manipulate the design of a spline coupling and reduce its weight.
The spline coupling model 20 includes the major structural features of a spline coupling. A product model software program 10 stores default values for each of the spline coupling’s specifications. The resulting spline model is then calculated in accordance with the algorithm used in the present invention. The software allows the designer to enter the spline coupling’s radii, thickness, and orientation.
Characteristics
An important aspect of aero-engine splines is the load distribution among the teeth. The researchers have performed experimental tests and have analyzed the effect of lubrication conditions on the coupling behavior. Then, they devised a theoretical model using a Ruiz parameter to simulate the actual working conditions of spline couplings. This model explains the wear damage caused by the spline couplings by considering the influence of friction, misalignment, and other conditions that are relevant to the splines’ performance.
In order to design a spline coupling, the user first inputs the design criteria for sizing load carrying sections, including the external spline 40 of the spline coupling model 30. Then, the user specifies torque margin performance requirement specifications, such as the yield limit, plastic buckling, and creep buckling. The software program then automatically calculates the size and configuration of the load carrying sections and the shaft. These specifications are then entered into the model software program 10 as specification values.
Various spline coupling configuration specifications are input on the GUI screen 80. The software program 10 then generates a spline coupling model by storing default values for the various specifications. The user then can manipulate the spline coupling model by modifying its various specifications. The final result will be a computer-aided design that enables designers to optimize spline couplings based on their performance and design specifications.
The spline coupling model software program continually evaluates the validity of spline coupling models for a particular application. For example, if a user enters a data value signal corresponding to a parameter signal, the software compares the value of the signal entered to the corresponding value in the knowledge base. If the values are outside the specifications, a warning message is displayed. Once this comparison is completed, the spline coupling model software program outputs a report with the results.
Various spline coupling design factors include weight, material properties, and performance requirements. Weight is 1 of the most important design factors, particularly in the aeronautics field. ANSI and S.A.E. tables do not consider these factors when calculating the load characteristics of spline couplings. Other design requirements may also restrict the configuration of a spline coupling.
Applications
Spline couplings are a type of mechanical joint that connects 2 rotating shafts. Its 2 parts engage teeth that transfer load. Although splines are commonly over-dimensioned, they are still prone to fatigue and static behavior. These properties also make them prone to wear and tear. Therefore, proper design and selection are vital to minimize wear and tear on splines. There are many applications of spline couplings.
A key design is based on the size of the shaft being joined. This allows for the proper spacing of the keys. A novel method of hobbing allows for the formation of tapered bases without interference, and the root of the keys is concentric with the axis. These features enable for high production rates. Various applications of spline couplings can be found in various industries. To learn more, read on.
FE based methodology can predict the wear rate of spline couplings by including the evolution of the coefficient of friction. This method can predict fretting wear from simple round-on-flat geometry, and has been calibrated with experimental data. The predicted wear rate is reasonable compared to the experimental data. Friction evolution in spline couplings depends on the spline geometry. It is also crucial to consider the lubrication condition of the splines.
Using a spline coupling reduces backlash and ensures proper alignment of mated components. The shaft’s splined tooth form transfers rotation from the splined shaft to the internal splined member, which may be a gear or other rotary device. A spline coupling’s root strength and torque requirements determine the type of spline coupling that should be used.
The spline root is usually flat and has a crown on 1 side. The crowned spline has a symmetrical crown at the centerline of the face-width of the spline. As the spline length decreases toward the ends, the teeth are becoming thinner. The tooth diameter is measured in pitch. This means that the male spline has a flat root and a crowned spline.
Predictability
Spindle couplings are used in rotating machinery to connect 2 shafts. They are composed of 2 parts with teeth that engage each other and transfer load. Spline couplings are commonly over-dimensioned and are prone to static and fatigue behavior. Wear phenomena are also a common problem with splines. To address these issues, it is essential to understand the behavior and predictability of these couplings.
Dynamic behavior of spline-rotor couplings is often unclear, particularly if the system is not integrated with the rotor. For example, when a misalignment is not present, the main response frequency is 1 X-rotating speed. As the misalignment increases, the system starts to vibrate in complex ways. Furthermore, as the shaft orbits depart from the origin, the magnitudes of all the frequencies increase. Thus, research results are useful in determining proper design and troubleshooting of rotor systems.
The model of misaligned spline couplings can be obtained by analyzing the stress-compression relationships between 2 spline pairs. The meshing force model of splines is a function of the system mass, transmitting torque, and dynamic vibration displacement. This model holds when the dynamic vibration displacement is small. Besides, the CZPT stepping integration method is stable and has high efficiency.
The slip distributions are a function of the state of lubrication, coefficient of friction, and loading cycles. The predicted wear depths are well within the range of measured values. These predictions are based on the slip distributions. The methodology predicts increased wear under lightly lubricated conditions, but not under added lubrication. The lubrication condition and coefficient of friction are the key factors determining the wear behavior of splines.
China Best Sales Auto Spare Part Precision CNC Machining OEM Rigid Shaft for Machine Parts with Free Design Custom
Product Description
Auto Spare Part Precision CNC Machining OEM Rigid Shaft for Machine Parts
Products Description
| Business type | Factory/manufacturer |
|
Service |
CNC machining |
| Turning and milling | |
| CNC turning | |
| OEM parts | |
|
Material |
(1) Aluminum:AL 6061-T6,6063,7075-T |
| (2)Stainless steel:303,304,316L,17-4(SUS630) | |
| (3)Steel:4140,Q235,Q345B,20#,45# | |
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Related Products
Products Description
Company Profile
SHINE MOTOR had been focused on the R&D,production and sales of micro motor shafts.We have complete productionequipments, the most accurate testing equipments and sewage treatment equipment,all production processes are completed in our factory.
Our products are used in mobile vibration motors,smart wearable devices,unmanned aerial vehicles,precision medical equipment, robots,household and office appliances, automotive motors and other fields.
All of our products are customized with the drawing or sample .The goods were exported to The U.S.Canada, The E.U.And Southeast Asia and so on more than 20 countries and regions up to now.
Best Service:We have professional personnel to operate.
We can according to your drawings or your requirements custom-made production.Best Quality:
We have a special quality inspection equipment.
Professional processing CNC turning ,CNC milling ,Stamping Injecting and surface treatment simultaneously,privide one-stop service.
Package and Shipping
1.FedEX / DHL / UPS / TNT for samples,Door to door service;
2.By sea for batch goods;
3.Customs specifying freight forwarders or negotiable shipping methods;
4.Delivery Time:20-25 Days for samples;30-35 Days for batch goods;
5.Payment Terms:T/T,L/C at sight,D/P etc.
Q:HOW DO I PALCE AN ORDER?
A:
1.Please send us your drawing or sample for quotation.We’ll quote you within 24 hours.
2.After you confirm the quotation, we’ll make sample and sent to you along with the QC check report, material certificate and heat treatment report (if needed).
3.After the sample be confirmed.We’ll start to make mass production after receive the payment.We’ll send you the production schedule and update you with the processing progress and product photo.
Q:WHAT IS YOUR MOQ?
A:Normally MOQ is 1 Pc
Q:HOU MUCH IS THE SHIPPING COST TO MY COUNTRY?
A:The fright charge depends on your location, quantity, dimension and the weight of the package.
Q:WHAT IS THE PRODUCTION CYCLE?
A:It depends on production dimension, technical requirements and quantity.10-20 days is required generally.
Q:WHAT KIND OF PAYMENT TERMS DO YOU ACCPET?
A:T/T, L/C
Q:WHAT SHIPPING METHODS DO YOU USE?
A:
1.For small quantity:DHL, EMS or other express you required.
2.For large quantity:Shipping by sea or air.
Q:IF YOU MAKE POOR QUALITY GOODS, WILL YOU REFOUND?
A:We make products in strict accordance with the drawings or samples.After production our QC team will check and inspect the products carefully to ensure we’re delivering qualified products.We have rich experience in serving overseas customers.So generally, this case doesn’t happen.But, if the case does happen, Yes, we’ll give you full refund.
Types of Splines
There are 4 types of splines: Involute, Parallel key, helical, and ball. Learn about their characteristics. And, if you’re not sure what they are, you can always request a quotation. These splines are commonly used for building special machinery, repair jobs, and other applications. The CZPT Manufacturing Company manufactures these shafts. It is a specialty manufacturer and we welcome your business.
Involute splines
The involute spline provides a more rigid and durable structure, and is available in a variety of diameters and spline counts. Generally, steel, carbon steel, or titanium are used as raw materials. Other materials, such as carbon fiber, may be suitable. However, titanium can be difficult to produce, so some manufacturers make splines using other constituents.
When splines are used in shafts, they prevent parts from separating during operation. These features make them an ideal choice for securing mechanical assemblies. Splines with inward-curving grooves do not have sharp corners and are therefore less likely to break or separate while they are in operation. These properties help them to withstand high-speed operations, such as braking, accelerating, and reversing.
A male spline is fitted with an externally-oriented face, and a female spline is inserted through the center. The teeth of the male spline typically have chamfered tips to provide clearance with the transition area. The radii and width of the teeth of a male spline are typically larger than those of a female spline. These specifications are specified in ANSI or DIN design manuals.
The effective tooth thickness of a spline depends on the involute profile error and the lead error. Also, the spacing of the spline teeth and keyways can affect the effective tooth thickness. Involute splines in a splined shaft are designed so that at least 25 percent of the spline teeth engage during coupling, which results in a uniform distribution of load and wear on the spline.
Parallel key splines
A parallel splined shaft has a helix of equal-sized grooves around its circumference. These grooves are generally parallel or involute. Splines minimize stress concentrations in stationary joints and allow linear and rotary motion. Splines may be cut or cold-rolled. Cold-rolled splines have more strength than cut spines and are often used in applications that require high strength, accuracy, and a smooth surface.
A parallel key splined shaft features grooves and keys that are parallel to the axis of the shaft. This design is best suited for applications where load bearing is a primary concern and a smooth motion is needed. A parallel key splined shaft can be made from alloy steels, which are iron-based alloys that may also contain chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, or other alloying materials.
A splined shaft can be used to transmit torque and provide anti-rotation when operating as a linear guide. These shafts have square profiles that match up with grooves in a mating piece and transmit torque and rotation. They can also be easily changed in length, and are commonly used in aerospace. Its reliability and fatigue life make it an excellent choice for many applications.
The main difference between a parallel key splined shaft and a keyed shaft is that the former offers more flexibility. They lack slots, which reduce torque-transmitting capacity. Splines offer equal load distribution along the gear teeth, which translates into a longer fatigue life for the shaft. In agricultural applications, shaft life is essential. Agricultural equipment, for example, requires the ability to function at high speeds for extended periods of time.
Involute helical splines
Involute splines are a common design for splined shafts. They are the most commonly used type of splined shaft and feature equal spacing among their teeth. The teeth of this design are also shorter than those of the parallel spline shaft, reducing stress concentration. These splines can be used to transmit power to floating or permanently fixed gears, and reduce stress concentrations in the stationary joint. Involute splines are the most common type of splined shaft, and are widely used for a variety of applications in automotive, machine tools, and more.
Involute helical spline shafts are ideal for applications involving axial motion and rotation. They allow for face coupling engagement and disengagement. This design also allows for a larger diameter than a parallel spline shaft. The result is a highly efficient gearbox. Besides being durable, splines can also be used for other applications involving torque and energy transfer.
A new statistical model can be used to determine the number of teeth that engage for a given load. These splines are characterized by a tight fit at the major diameters, thereby transferring concentricity from the shaft to the female spline. A male spline has chamfered tips for clearance with the transition area. ANSI and DIN design manuals specify the different classes of fit.
The design of involute helical splines is similar to that of gears, and their ridges or teeth are matched with the corresponding grooves in a mating piece. It enables torque and rotation to be transferred to a mate piece while maintaining alignment of the 2 components. Different types of splines are used in different applications. Different splines can have different levels of tooth height.
Involute ball splines
When splines are used, they allow the shaft and hub to engage evenly over the shaft’s entire circumference. Because the teeth are evenly spaced, the load that they can transfer is uniform and their position is always the same regardless of shaft length. Whether the shaft is used to transmit torque or to transmit power, splines are a great choice. They provide maximum strength and allow for linear or rotary motion.
There are 3 basic types of splines: helical, crown, and ball. Crown splines feature equally spaced grooves. Crown splines feature involute sides and parallel sides. Helical splines use involute teeth and are often used in small diameter shafts. Ball splines contain a ball bearing inside the splined shaft to facilitate rotary motion and minimize stress concentration in stationary joints.
The 2 types of splines are classified under the ANSI classes of fit. Fillet root splines have teeth that mesh along the longitudinal axis of rotation. Flat root splines have similar teeth, but are intended to optimize strength for short-term use. Both types of splines are important for ensuring the shaft aligns properly and is not misaligned.
The friction coefficient of the hub is a complex process. When the hub is off-center, the center moves in predictable but irregular motion. Moreover, when the shaft is centered, the center may oscillate between being centered and being off-center. To compensate for this, the torque must be adequate to keep the shaft in its axis during all rotation angles. While straight-sided splines provide similar centering, they have lower misalignment load factors.
Keyed shafts
Essentially, splined shafts have teeth or ridges that fit together to transfer torque. Because splines are not as tall as involute gears, they offer uniform torque transfer. Additionally, they provide the opportunity for torque and rotational changes and improve wear resistance. In addition to their durability, splined shafts are popular in the aerospace industry and provide increased reliability and fatigue life.
Keyed shafts are available in different materials, lengths, and diameters. When used in high-power drive applications, they offer higher torque and rotational speeds. The higher torque they produce helps them deliver power to the gearbox. However, they are not as durable as splined shafts, which is why the latter is usually preferred in these applications. And while they’re more expensive, they’re equally effective when it comes to torque delivery.
Parallel keyed shafts have separate profiles and ridges and are used in applications requiring accuracy and precision. Keyed shafts with rolled splines are 35% stronger than cut splines and are used where precision is essential. These splines also have a smooth finish, which can make them a good choice for precision applications. They also work well with gears and other mechanical systems that require accurate torque transfer.
Carbon steel is another material used for splined shafts. Carbon steel is known for its malleability, and its shallow carbon content helps create reliable motion. However, if you’re looking for something more durable, consider ferrous steel. This type contains metals such as nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. And it’s important to remember that carbon steel is not the only material to consider.
China Custom China Wholesale High Precision Custom Ball Spline for CNC Machine with Good quality
Product Description
Product Description
The spline is a kind of linear motion system. When spline motions along the precision ground Shaft by balls, the torque is transferred. The spline has compact structure. It can transfer the Over load and motive power. It has longer lifetime. At present the factory manufacture 2 kinds of spline, namely convex spline and concave spline. Usually the convex spline can take bigger radial load and torque than concave spline.
| Product name | Ball spline |
| Model | GJZ,GJZA,GJF,GJH,GJZG,GJFG, |
| Dia | 15mm-150mm |
| Material | Bearing Steel |
| Precision Class | Normal/ High/ Precise |
| Package | Plastic bag, box, carton |
| MOQ | 1pc |
Ball type:φ16-φ250
High speed , high accuracy
Heavy load , long life
Flexible movement,low energy consumption
High movement speed
Heavy load and long service life
Applicationgs:semiconductor equipment,tire machinery,monocrystalline silicon furnace,medical rehabilitation equipment
Product Parameters
Structure
Scope of application
Semiconductor equipment,tire machinery,monocrystalline silicon furnace,medical rehabilitation equipment.
FFZ size
| Code and type | Nominal axial dia. d0 |
External dia. D |
Length of spline nut L1 |
Max. length of shaft L |
Standard rated torque | Basic rated load | ||
| Dynamic torsion N-m |
Stationary torsion N-m |
Dynamic load C kN |
Static load C0 kN |
|||||
| GJZG16 / GJFG16 | 16 | 31 | 50 | 500 | 32 | 30 | 7.5 | 15.6 |
| GJZG20 / GJFG20 | 20 | 35 | 63 | 600 | 55 | 55 | 10.1 | 24.7 |
| GJZG25 / GJFG25 | 25 | 42 | 71 | 800 | 103 | 105 | 13.7 | 30.1 |
| GJZG30 / GJFG30 | 30 | 48 | 80 | 1400 | 148 | 171 | 17.1 | 37.1 |
| GJZG40 / GJFG40 | 40 | 64 | 100 | 1500 | 375 | 415 | 32.1 | 70.2 |
| GJZG50 / GJFG50 | 50 | 80 | 125 | 1500 | 760 | 840 | 49.4 | 104.9 |
| GJZG60 / GJFG60 | 60 | 90 | 140 | 1500 | 1040 | 1220 | 64.2 | 128.2 |
| GJZG80 / GJFG80 | 80 | 120 | 160 | 1700 | 1920 | 2310 | 87.3 | 170.7 |
| GJZG100/ GJFG100 | 100 | 150 | 190 | 1900 | 3571 | 3730 | 109.9 | 222 |
| GJZG120 / GJFG120 | 120 | 180 | 220 | 1900 | 4100 | 5200 | 176.5 | 347 |
If you have any needs,pls feel free to contact us and we will send you our catalog for reference.
Main Products
Company Profile
Customer Feedback
FAQ
1. Why choose AZI China?
With more than 60 years of production experience, quality assurance,factory directly price.
2. What is your main products ?
Our Main products are consist of ball screw,linear guide,arc linear guide,ball spline and ball screw linear CZPT rail module.
3. How to Custom-made (OEM/ODM)?
If you have a product drawing or a sample, please send to us, and we can custom-made the as your required. We will also provide our professional advices of the products to make the design to be more realized & maximize the performance.
4. When can I get the quotation?
We usually quote within 24 hours after we get your inquiry. If you are very urgent to get the price,please call us or tell us in your email so that we will regard your inquiry priority.
5. How can I get a sample to check the quality?
We quote according to your drawing, the price is suitable, sign the sample list.
6. What‘s your payment terms?
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Stiffness and Torsional Vibration of Spline-Couplings
In this paper, we describe some basic characteristics of spline-coupling and examine its torsional vibration behavior. We also explore the effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling. These results will assist in the design of improved spline-coupling systems for various applications. The results are presented in Table 1.
Stiffness of spline-coupling
The stiffness of a spline-coupling is a function of the meshing force between the splines in a rotor-spline coupling system and the static vibration displacement. The meshing force depends on the coupling parameters such as the transmitting torque and the spline thickness. It increases nonlinearly with the spline thickness.
A simplified spline-coupling model can be used to evaluate the load distribution of splines under vibration and transient loads. The axle spline sleeve is displaced a z-direction and a resistance moment T is applied to the outer face of the sleeve. This simple model can satisfy a wide range of engineering requirements but may suffer from complex loading conditions. Its asymmetric clearance may affect its engagement behavior and stress distribution patterns.
The results of the simulations show that the maximum vibration acceleration in both Figures 10 and 22 was 3.03 g/s. This results indicate that a misalignment in the circumferential direction increases the instantaneous impact. Asymmetry in the coupling geometry is also found in the meshing. The right-side spline’s teeth mesh tightly while those on the left side are misaligned.
Considering the spline-coupling geometry, a semi-analytical model is used to compute stiffness. This model is a simplified form of a classical spline-coupling model, with submatrices defining the shape and stiffness of the joint. As the design clearance is a known value, the stiffness of a spline-coupling system can be analyzed using the same formula.
The results of the simulations also show that the spline-coupling system can be modeled using MASTA, a high-level commercial CAE tool for transmission analysis. In this case, the spline segments were modeled as a series of spline segments with variable stiffness, which was calculated based on the initial gap between spline teeth. Then, the spline segments were modelled as a series of splines of increasing stiffness, accounting for different manufacturing variations. The resulting analysis of the spline-coupling geometry is compared to those of the finite-element approach.
Despite the high stiffness of a spline-coupling system, the contact status of the contact surfaces often changes. In addition, spline coupling affects the lateral vibration and deformation of the rotor. However, stiffness nonlinearity is not well studied in splined rotors because of the lack of a fully analytical model.
Characteristics of spline-coupling
The study of spline-coupling involves a number of design factors. These include weight, materials, and performance requirements. Weight is particularly important in the aeronautics field. Weight is often an issue for design engineers because materials have varying dimensional stability, weight, and durability. Additionally, space constraints and other configuration restrictions may require the use of spline-couplings in certain applications.
The main parameters to consider for any spline-coupling design are the maximum principal stress, the maldistribution factor, and the maximum tooth-bearing stress. The magnitude of each of these parameters must be smaller than or equal to the external spline diameter, in order to provide stability. The outer diameter of the spline must be at least 4 inches larger than the inner diameter of the spline.
Once the physical design is validated, the spline coupling knowledge base is created. This model is pre-programmed and stores the design parameter signals, including performance and manufacturing constraints. It then compares the parameter values to the design rule signals, and constructs a geometric representation of the spline coupling. A visual model is created from the input signals, and can be manipulated by changing different parameters and specifications.
The stiffness of a spline joint is another important parameter for determining the spline-coupling stiffness. The stiffness distribution of the spline joint affects the rotor’s lateral vibration and deformation. A finite element method is a useful technique for obtaining lateral stiffness of spline joints. This method involves many mesh refinements and requires a high computational cost.
The diameter of the spline-coupling must be large enough to transmit the torque. A spline with a larger diameter may have greater torque-transmitting capacity because it has a smaller circumference. However, the larger diameter of a spline is thinner than the shaft, and the latter may be more suitable if the torque is spread over a greater number of teeth.
Spline-couplings are classified according to their tooth profile along the axial and radial directions. The radial and axial tooth profiles affect the component’s behavior and wear damage. Splines with a crowned tooth profile are prone to angular misalignment. Typically, these spline-couplings are oversized to ensure durability and safety.
Stiffness of spline-coupling in torsional vibration analysis
This article presents a general framework for the study of torsional vibration caused by the stiffness of spline-couplings in aero-engines. It is based on a previous study on spline-couplings. It is characterized by the following 3 factors: bending stiffness, total flexibility, and tangential stiffness. The first criterion is the equivalent diameter of external and internal splines. Both the spline-coupling stiffness and the displacement of splines are evaluated by using the derivative of the total flexibility.
The stiffness of a spline joint can vary based on the distribution of load along the spline. Variables affecting the stiffness of spline joints include the torque level, tooth indexing errors, and misalignment. To explore the effects of these variables, an analytical formula is developed. The method is applicable for various kinds of spline joints, such as splines with multiple components.
Despite the difficulty of calculating spline-coupling stiffness, it is possible to model the contact between the teeth of the shaft and the hub using an analytical approach. This approach helps in determining key magnitudes of coupling operation such as contact peak pressures, reaction moments, and angular momentum. This approach allows for accurate results for spline-couplings and is suitable for both torsional vibration and structural vibration analysis.
The stiffness of spline-coupling is commonly assumed to be rigid in dynamic models. However, various dynamic phenomena associated with spline joints must be captured in high-fidelity drivetrain models. To accomplish this, a general analytical stiffness formulation is proposed based on a semi-analytical spline load distribution model. The resulting stiffness matrix contains radial and tilting stiffness values as well as torsional stiffness. The analysis is further simplified with the blockwise inversion method.
It is essential to consider the torsional vibration of a power transmission system before selecting the coupling. An accurate analysis of torsional vibration is crucial for coupling safety. This article also discusses case studies of spline shaft wear and torsionally-induced failures. The discussion will conclude with the development of a robust and efficient method to simulate these problems in real-life scenarios.
Effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling
In this study, the effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline coupling is investigated. The stability boundary and mechanism of rotor instability are analyzed. We find that the meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling increases nonlinearly with spline thickness. The results demonstrate that the misalignment is responsible for the instability of the rotor-spline coupling system.
An intentional spline misalignment is introduced to achieve an interference fit and zero backlash condition. This leads to uneven load distribution among the spline teeth. A further spline misalignment of 50um can result in rotor-spline coupling failure. The maximum tensile root stress shifted to the left under this condition.
Positive spline misalignment increases the gear mesh misalignment. Conversely, negative spline misalignment has no effect. The right-handed spline misalignment is opposite to the helix hand. The high contact area is moved from the center to the left side. In both cases, gear mesh is misaligned due to deflection and tilting of the gear under load.
This variation of the tooth surface is measured as the change in clearance in the transverse plain. The radial and axial clearance values are the same, while the difference between the 2 is less. In addition to the frictional force, the axial clearance of the splines is the same, which increases the gear mesh misalignment. Hence, the same procedure can be used to determine the frictional force of a rotor-spline coupling.
Gear mesh misalignment influences spline-rotor coupling performance. This misalignment changes the distribution of the gear mesh and alters contact and bending stresses. Therefore, it is essential to understand the effects of misalignment in spline couplings. Using a simplified system of helical gear pair, Hong et al. examined the load distribution along the tooth interface of the spline. This misalignment caused the flank contact pattern to change. The misaligned teeth exhibited deflection under load and developed a tilting moment on the gear.
The effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline couplings is minimized by using a mechanism that reduces backlash. The mechanism comprises cooperably splined male and female members. One member is formed by 2 coaxially aligned splined segments with end surfaces shaped to engage in sliding relationship. The connecting device applies axial loads to these segments, causing them to rotate relative to 1 another.